Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication

Communicating Across Cultural Barriers All international business activity involves communication. Within the international and global business environment, activities such as exchanging information and ideas, decision making, negotiating, motivating , and leading are all based on the ability of managers from other cultures. Achieving effective communication is a challenge to managers worldwide even when the workforce is culturally homogeneous, but when one company includes a variety of languages and cultural backgrounds, effective two-way communication becomes even more difficult. We think that the major obstacle in international business is in understanding the foreigner, the difficulty involves becoming aware of our own cultural conditioning . We are generally least aware of our own cultural characteristics and are quite surprised when we hear foreigner’s descriptions of us. For example, many Americans are surprised to discover that they are seen by foreigner as hurried, overly law-abiding, very hard working, extremely explicit, and overly inquisitive. Projective similarity refers to the assumption that people are more similar to you than they actually are, or that a situation is similar to yours when in fact it is not. Projected similarity involves assuming, imagining, and actually perceiving similarity when differences exist. Projected similarity particularly handicaps people in cross-cultural situations. At the base of projected similarity is a subconscious parochialism. I assume that there is only one way to be: my way. I assume that there is only one way to see the world: my way. I therefore view other people in reference to me and to my way of viewing the world. While it is important to understand and respect the foreigner’s point of view, it is not necessary to accept or adopt it. One of the best exercises for developing empathy and reducing parochialism and projected similarity is role reversa... Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication Communicating Across Cultural Barriers All international business activity involves communication. Within the international and global business environment, activities such as exchanging information and ideas, decision making, negotiating, motivating , and leading are all based on the ability of managers from other cultures. Achieving effective communication is a challenge to managers worldwide even when the workforce is culturally homogeneous, but when one company includes a variety of languages and cultural backgrounds, effective two-way communication becomes even more difficult. We think that the major obstacle in international business is in understanding the foreigner, the difficulty involves becoming aware of our own cultural conditioning . We are generally least aware of our own cultural characteristics and are quite surprised when we hear foreigner’s descriptions of us. For example, many Americans are surprised to discover that they are seen by foreigner as hurried, overly law-abiding, very hard working, extremely explicit, and overly inquisitive. Projective similarity refers to the assumption that people are more similar to you than they actually are, or that a situation is similar to yours when in fact it is not. Projected similarity involves assuming, imagining, and actually perceiving similarity when differences exist. Projected similarity particularly handicaps people in cross-cultural situations. At the base of projected similarity is a subconscious parochialism. I assume that there is only one way to be: my way. I assume that there is only one way to see the world: my way. I therefore view other people in reference to me and to my way of viewing the world. While it is important to understand and respect the foreigner’s point of view, it is not necessary to accept or adopt it. One of the best exercises for developing empathy and reducing parochialism and projected similarity is role reversa... Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication Cross Cultural Communication Assignment assessing the differences in two cultures on the basis of Universalistic Vs Particularistic Cultures With topic of global project in Finland Acknowledgements In the process of doing this assignment, I have taken the help of a number of persons, amongst whom the most important is my professor. Thanks are to him for the continuous support that he has given me. The large number of books available in the library of Skyline College has been a great help. Also, the vast information made available online by a number of online libraries has been a source of great knowledge. I have also taken help from the Internet services that have been provided by the college’s online faculty of libraries, from where I got the main idea of the case of this assignment – Global project especially in Finland Mukesh Kumar Jangid Contents Acknowledgements 2 Contents 3 Introduction 4 What is Culture? 4 The seven dilemmas 4 The aim of this assignment 5 Main Body 6 Topic taken for discussion – International Business Constructions 6 Universalism Vs Particularism in detail 6 Universalism 6 Particularism 6 Details of the example –global project 7 How does culture affect global project? 7 Cultural analysis 7 Example of Punctuality 8 Conclusions 10 My solution to cultural problems 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction In today’s world, everyone is expanding from local markets to international markets. Initially the companies, who used to be the leaders in the local market, are now entering international markets and thus they are becoming multinational companies. Although there are a number of factors that firms take into account while going international, there is an increasing demands to find out that the most important resource of any organization, people. Since many different kinds of people come to contact with each other, while going international, there is a need to know...

The Automobile Market in Australia

The Automobile Market in Australia Statement of Purpose The aim of this report is to complete a market research analysis report of the automobile market in Australia that will help the Great Wall motors of china to undertake a strategic planning and make future growth plans.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Automobile Market in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report will assess data and then make recommendations and conclusion to the management of the great wall motors that will the company to achieve its strategic objectives. The report will use Australian market information to identify and evaluate current and future market opportunities, demand trends within the Australian market and also make an analysis of product types and market segments that could provide growth for the company. Current and Future Market Opportunities Great wall motors, an automotive company established in 1976 is the leading SUV manufacturer in China (Globa l times 2010). The company got a licence to produce sedans in 2008 after two decades of producing trucks and has been hailed as one of the leading exporters of automotives in China, having entered the European market with an incredible success. Currently, it exports it products in more than 60 countries and the major question in this paper is whether this company can succeed in Australia the way it has succeeded in Europe and other countries (China daily 2010). How is Australian automotive market different from these other markets that the great wall motors has succeeded in? It is on record that Australia is one of the few countries worldwide that have facilities to design vehicles and produce them from scratch to dealership and most of the vehicles used in Australia are produced domestically (Lynn 2010). Trends within Australia Auto Market Australia is known for producing large sized passenger vehicles though there is a growing market for sports utility vehicles and sedans. One of the government policies that have had a huge impact on the Australian automotive market is global integration where the government has lowered the tariffs, providing the industry with an opportunity to adjust. The government helped the industry to internationalize while at the same time making sure it remains stable. There are four major manufacturers operating in Australia. These are Ford, Toyota, General Motors and Mitsubishi. Productivity in the automotive industry has improved significantly over the last ten years due to the benefits of market liberalization (Unescap 2009).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Characteristics of possible markets Unlike Australia which favours PMVs, not many other markets have a huge propensity for PMVs. Modern markets are tilting towards small fuel efficient vehicles which is also a trend identified in Australia. Due to the skyrock eting oil prices around the world, people have resorted to buying vehicles that can economise on fuel and that is where the great wall motors should focus its attention on. Consumer segments for growth There are two consumer segments that can provide economic growth for this company. These are the sports utility vehicles segments and the small trucks market segment. Sports utility vehicles have been a source of competitive advantage for great wall motors and will continue to be because the company has already made inroads into that segment. The small trucks segment is an area that has been avoided by many automakers meaning that foraying into this segment can provided the much needed growth. Analysis of the Australian Domestic and Overseas Market Using Research Information The Australian automotive industry has four major players and all the manufacturers are subsidiaries of overseas giants meaning that there is no indigenous automotive manufacturer in Australia. The size of the ind ustry has grown over the recent years with sales hitting 0.8 Million annually with the passenger vehicles taking the biggest chunk of the market. There are also heavy trucks being assembled in Australia but there is no production of light trucks in Australia at the present. All light trucks are manufactured outside. Local manufacturers confine themselves to passenger motor vehicles because this is the dominant characteristic of the Australian motor industry. The long distance between major cities in Australia and transport infrastructure that can cater for larger vehicles has made the consumers to value the PMVs. Fuel prices in Australia are also low and the PMVs have features that make travelling in the country comfortable. However Australians are moving towards small inexpensive vehicles that facilitate travels within cities. There may be stiff competition between the manufacturers of PMVs but the modern shift towards small inexpensive sedans has created an opportunity that can be utilised by any automotive manufacturer. One characteristic of the Australian market is their disregard for the sports utility vehicles. Apparently, no automaker in Australia assembles or produces sports utility vehicles locally. Australia imports sports utility vehicles from Europe, Japan and Australia. There exists opportunities in Australia for light trucks and small sedans and any player planning to venture in the Australian motor industry must exploit the void in the Australian motor market. Australian major automotive markets overseas are concentrated in the Middle East, the leading consumer being Saudi Arabia which takes 50 percent of the Australian automotive exports.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Automobile Market in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other leading consumers include Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and the UAE which means that any automotive maker planning to venture into Australia must be able to exploit these overseas opportunities that have already been created by the existing automakers (Kraft 2010). There are certain characteristics of the Australian overseas market especially in the Middle East that any player has to factor in. The products that Australia exports to the Middle East are not the same as the products consumed locally. Due to the availability low prices of oil in the Middle East, fuel efficient vehicles are not easily marketable in the region meaning that Australia exports top of the range vehicles to this market segment. As opposed to the domestic market in Australia, Passenger Motor vehicles are not in high demand overseas especially in the middle east where there are low populations and high preference for the top of the range vehicles because the consumers in most of these country are economically endowed. Conclusions Based on Research Findings From the above analysis of research information, it is evident that the Great Wall Motors may not e asily find a market share in Australia. The Australian transport infrastructure and customer preferences favour Passenger Motor Vehicles which the Great Wall Motors does not deal in currently. Currently there are four major competitors in the Australian motor industry meaning that an additional competitor would find it hard to compete with the existing automakers. The major disadvantage for Great Wall Motors is that it does not have the facilities to produce the kind of vehicles that are in concordance with the Australian market characteristics. Secondly the Great Wall motors specializes in sports utility vehicles which are largely unpopular in Australia meaning that it would hard for the company to make a breakthrough in the country. However, the future of the automotive market in Australia may favour the Great Wall motors because as mentioned above, people in Australia are now inclined towards small inexpensive sedans. Recommendations Currently, the competition in this segment is not as stiff and there is an opportunity success in this segment. I would recommend that Great Wall Motors target this emerging opportunity in the Australian market because the company already have facilities that can create a competitive advantage in this segment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Great Wall Motors should therefore set up plants in Australia for manufacturing the small inexpensive sedans and also transfer some of its SUV operations to Australia to target the Australian overseas market especially in the Middle East. The current marketing strategies that Great Wall Motors uses by great wall marketing may not succeed in the Australian market because of the nature of the market that favours Passenger Motor Vehicles meaning that the company has to rework its marketing strategies to favour its new line of production. In Australia, the best strategy that can enhance its competitive advantage is market segmentation which will help the company to create niche markets (ABR 2008). Market segmentation will help Great Wall Motors to develop products that suit different classes of people in the country ensuring that each class or market segment is served with its own type of product (Kynge 2009). This is the only strategy that will help Great Wall Motor to penetrate the tr icky Australian automotive market. There are some additional resources that will be required to support the above recommendations for market segmentation. This includes a strong and effective research team that will study the Australian market so that the company can make strategies that are in line with the preference of the Australian customers. The Great wall motor company also needs a string sales and marketing team that will promote the new products in the Australian market and also ensure that the company attains a competitive advantage in the new market (China auto web 2010). The company also needs to invest in the state of the art plants to ensure it delivers products that are of higher quality than what the existing players deliver to the Australian and overseas automotive customers because this will be another source of competitive advantage for the company. All in all, it may not be easy for the company to excel in Australia but if the above recommendations are considered , the company can in the long run become a competitive player in this tricky automotive market. References Automotive Business Review (ABR) (2008) Great Wall Motor looks towards EU for exports. (Online) Available at: automotive-business-review.com . China Auto Web (2010) Great Wall Plans More KD Assembly Plants Overseas. Web. Available at: http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/08/great-wall-plans-more-kd-assembly-plants-overseas/. China Daily (2010) Great Wall banned from exporting GW Peri mini car. Web. Available at: chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/09gzautoexpo/2009-11/25/content_9050939.htm Global times (2010) Great Wall Motors vehicles hit Cambodian market (online) Available at: globaltimes.com/great wall motors. Kraft, R. (2010) Shaking the Globe: Courageous Decision-Making in a Changing World. Melbourne: C.U.P Kynge, J. (2009) Great Wall Motors Launches First Chinese-Made Cars into Australian Market themotorreport.com. Web. Available at: austrade.gov.au/Automotive-to-China/default.aspx. ( Acessed, 12 July 2009 Lynn, J. (2010) What is missing in the Australian automotive market. Web. Available at: themotorreport.com.au/4538/whats-missing-in-the-australian-automotive-market/ Unescap. (2009) Australian Automotive Market. Web. Available at: unescap.org/tid/publication/part_two2223_aus.pdf

Nanotechnology benefits and effects in military application Essay

Nanotechnology benefits and effects in military application - Essay Example Various debates have been held by different researching groups and governments to discuss the implications of nanotechnology in future. This is because the technology has a potential of creating many materials and devices that have wide applications in fields such as energy, medicine, military, engineering, computing and electronics. In fact, the military field started early to appreciate the significance of nanotechnology and expects more from it. The field has actually spent a lot of money researching on it than any other field. Despite the good results that have emerged and still expected to emerge as a result of nanotechnology, it has raised other issues of concern which include the potential effects of nanomaterials on the global economy, the impacts of nanomaterials in the environment, its effects on health and other speculative issues (Roco, 2006). Therefore, the advocacy groups and governments have been debating whether it is possible to warrant special regulations on nanotec hnology. This essay discusses the benefits and effects of nanotechnology in military. Nanotechnology has various benefits in the military field. First, nanotechnology helps to create the uniform materials for the soldiers. The idea behind using nanotechnology to make soldier’s uniforms is to make them more comfortable, more lightweight and more high tech. In addition, nanoparticles can be injected on the materials used to make solder’s uniforms to make them more durable, and to protect the soldiers from dangerous effects like high temperatures and chemical effects. The nanoparticles put on the uniform’s material protect soldiers by combining together when a suspicious thing hits the armor hardening the area that is hit. This act of stiffening helps to reduce the impact of that thing that hit or stroke the armor. By lessening the impact force, the soldiers wearing the uniform are protected from the injuries they would have

The Problem of the Identity of Immanuel in Isaiah Essay

The Problem of the Identity of Immanuel in Isaiah - Essay Example Other writers in their interpretations of Isaiah 7:14 have aimed to establish an association of the incident with the birth of Jesus, while, referring to the significance of almah which is a word of Hebrew origin, the meaning of which has been identified as virgin. According to Grisham, the varying assumptions regarding the identity of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14 have extended to the belief which postulates that he is Jesus himself, while, some consider him to be the child of Isaiah and the king of Judah thus, in their construal of the Book of Isaiah interpreters have vowed to prefer either a single fulfillment or double fulfillment.For the purposes of the succeeding sections of the paper the major views on the identity of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14 would be assessed in a comprehensive manner. Grisham observes that one of the interpretations regarding the identity of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14 label the child to be that of Isaiah’s, in his perspective on the identity of the woman and ch ild, Walton notes that in accordance with the teachings of the gospel and that of Christian religion regarding the woman in Isaiah 7:14, much of the assertions point towards the declaration that she is Isaiah’s wife however, these postulations can be nullified on the basis of various arguments. Walton claims his translations of the scripture to be highly credible and reliable. The first argument which nullifies the identity of Immanuel as the child of Isaiah comes from the comparison of 7:14 and 8:3